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Vulval and vaginal conditions

There are many conditions that can affect your vulva and vagina. Most conditions improve with treatment, so it’s important to see your doctor if you notice anything that’s not normal for you. Learn more about these conditions, including the symptoms, causes, treatments and when to see your doctor.

    Vulval and vaginal thrush

    Thrush (also known as a ‘yeast infection’) is a common infection of the vulva and vagina. It’s caused by an overgrowth of yeast that lives normally in the vagina. Learn more about vulval and vaginal thrush.

    Bacterial vaginosis

    Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a bacterial infection of the vagina. It is caused by a change in the healthy balance of vaginal bacteria. Learn more about bacterial vaginosis.

    Lichen planus

    Lichen planus is an inflammatory skin condition triggered by the immune system. It causes white streaks, erosions and sores on your skin. Learn more about lichen planus.

    Lichen sclerosus

    Lichen sclerosus is a chronic skin disorder that usually affects the skin around your vulva and anus. It causes the skin to appear white, thick and wrinkly. Learn more about lichen sclerosus.

    Vulvovaginal atrophy

    Vaginal atrophy (or vulvovaginal atrophy) is the thinning of your vaginal lining and vulval skin, caused by a drop in oestrogen levels around the time of menopause. Learn more about vulvovaginal atrophy.

    Vaginismus

    Vaginismus is when your pelvic floor muscles involuntarily tighten. This can happen before or during an attempt to insert something into the vagina. Learn more vaginismus.

    This con­tent has been reviewed by a group of med­ical sub­ject mat­ter experts, in accor­dance with Jean Hailes pol­i­cy.

    Last updated: 
    17 June 2025
     | 
    Last reviewed: 
    02 June 2025

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