Vulval cancer affects any part of the vulva. The most common area for this type of cancer to develop is the inner lips (labia minora), outer lips (labia majora) and the area between the vagina and anus (perineum). Read more about this cancer, the symptoms, causes and how it’s diagnosed.
What is vulval cancer?
Symptoms of vulval cancer
What causes vulval cancer?
How is vulval cancer diagnosed?
Treatments for vulval cancer
Reducing the risk of vulval cancer
When to see your doctor
Other resources
Vulval cancer affects any part of the external female genitals (vulva). It’s more common in people who have gone through menopause, but it can also develop in younger people.
There are different types of vulval cancer:
See your doctor if you notice any unusual symptoms. They may be due to other conditions, but it’s important to check.
Many women don’t have any symptoms in the early stages of vulval cancer. But you may notice:
You may also notice:
We don’t know the exact cause of vulval cancer, but it may be associated with:
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history and family health history. They will also do a pelvic examination to check your vulva, vagina and cervix.
They may take a tissue sample (biopsy) of the abnormal area of your vulva and send it to a pathology lab for testing.
If your examination and test results suggest you may have vulval cancer, your doctor will refer you to an oncologist who specialises in this type of cancer straight away.
You may need the following tests:
Treatment for vulvar cancer depends on the extent of the cancer. It may include:
Medical treatment, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, can cause menopause. Learn more about medically induced menopause.
While there isn’t a screening test for vulval cancer, you can lower your risk by:
You can also do regular self-checks and see your doctor if you notice any changes.
It’s important to see your doctor if you notice any unusual symptoms. In most cases, early detection and diagnosis lead to good outcomes.
More information about vaginal cancer can be found on the Cancer Australia website and the Cancer Council website.
If you would like to speak to a nurse for general information and support, call Cancer Council on 13 11 20 (9 am to 5 pm, Monday to Friday).
On this Jean Hailes podcast, gynaecological cancer survivor Kath Mazzella OAM speaks to host Shelley Ware about fighting the shame that surrounds vulval cancer and women’s bodies.
*Please be advised, this episode contains strong language*
This content has been reviewed by a group of medical subject matter experts, in accordance with Jean Hailes policy.
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