Research around the world

Do calcium supplements increase your risk of a heart attack?

Researchers in New Zealand analysed the results of 15 studies examining the effect of calcium supplements on bone strength, and counted how many heart attacks occurred. They found that people who took supplements with more than 500mg of calcium per day during these trials had a slightly increased risk of a heart attack.

However the group studied included men and women with a mean age in the mid 70s and so may not be relevant to younger people. There is also insufficient data regarding supplement use over the lifespan and previous dietary calcium intake.

Jean Hailes Healthy Lifestyle Program Director Dr Cate Lombard says, "This sort of research is interesting because it makes us stop and re-assess what we are doing to protect our health throughout our lives. It is much better to get calcium from foods (which also provide other nutrients) than from calcium supplements. However, if you have difficulty eating enough foods rich in calcium, you might consider a calcium supplement, especially if you are at risk of developing osteoporosis.

Make sure you don't take more than the amount recommended on the bottle (usually 600–1,500mg per day). For many people a 500mg supplement will be enough if they also consume high calcium foods such as dairy food regularly. It's a good idea to discuss this with your healthcare professional."

New statement on the use of hormone replacement therapy

In June 2010, the US-based Endocrine Society issued a review of all the current evidence regarding the safety, benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

In 2002, the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study found that one form of HRT was associated with a small increase (less than 1 extra case per 1000 women per year) in the risk of heart disease and breast cancer in postmenopausal women. However, the risks and benefits of HRT were not well explained to the general public and as a result, many women have stopped using traditional HRT.

According to the Endocrine Society, research shows that younger women (50-59) who have only recently had their menopause respond differently to HRT than those who took part in the original study (average age 63). Younger women using HRT for five years experienced a 30-40 per cent decrease in mortality, no increased risk of heart disease and 90 per cent reduction of menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes or overactive bladder.

Jean Hailes endocrinologist Professor Henry Burger, one of the authors of the review, commented, "The Endocrine Society statement places use of HRT in a balanced perspective. When used for women who have recently experienced menopause and whose symptoms impact on their quality of life, HRT is safe and effective. It is the treatment of choice for hot flushes, night sweats and uncomfortable intercourse due to vaginal dryness."

Content Updated November 2010